نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• زهرا جلیلی

استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نقد متون بر اساس نظریۀ ساختارگرا، امری است که اخیراً در محافل علمی رواج یافته است و بر اساس آن، از کوچک­ترین علائم صوتی و موسیقایی تا بزرگ­ترین آن یعنی واژگان و چگونگی کنار هم قرار گرفتن آن، در معنا مؤثر است و بر این اساس، بین شکل و معنا انسجام قابل ذکری وجود دارد. بدون تردید به کارگیری چنین نظریه­هایی در بارۀ قرآن که متنی به غایت ادبی است، مفاهیم بلند آن را هر چه روشن­تر می­نماید. این مقاله می­کوشد نظم موجود در سورۀ نازعات را با توجه به نظریۀ ساختارگرا، در سطوح مختلف صوتی و واژگانی و نحوی و بلاغی، به قدر وسع نمایان سازد. با این هدف، سؤال پژوهش این است که متن سورۀ نازعات در قالب چه ساختار زبانی بیان شده و مفاهیم برآمده از آن در چه ساختاری ارائه شده است؟ روش تحقیق روشی توصیفی-تحلیلی است. در ابتدا نظریه ساختارگرا توضیح داده می­شود و سپس مقاطع مختلف سوره، با توجه به این نظریه تبیین می­گردد و در نهایت نتیجه تحقیق می­آید. یافته­ها حاکی از آن است که عناصر ساختار زبانی سوره نازعات در جهت انسجام کامل نسبت به موضوع سوره، یعنی حقیقت آخرت و وقایع هول انگیز آن است. مقاطع کوتاه و کوبنده ابتدایی با القای خوف و هراس از قیامت منطبق است و مقاطع بلند و ملایم­ انتهایی، با محتوای سازنده آن، یعنی سرانجام مؤمن و کافر، هماهنگ است. این هماهنگی و نظم در سطوح دیگر کلام، مانند سطح آوایی، واژگانی و نحوی و بلاغی نیز به چشم خورده و تأثیرگذاری آیات را دوچندان کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• "قرآن کریم"
• "تحلیل واژگانی"
• "تحلیل نحوی"
• "سوره نازعات"
• "نظریه ساختارگرا"

عنوان مقاله [English]

How the Meaning is Formed in Surah Nazeat from the Perspective of Structuralist Theory

نویسنده [English]

• Zahra Jalili

Assistant professor of Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Criticizing texts based on structuralist theory is something that has recently become popular in scientific circles, and according to it, from the smallest audio and musical signs to the biggest, which are words and how they are put together, is effective in meaning. On this basis, there is a significant coherence between form and meaning. Undoubtedly, the application of such theories about the Qur'an, which is a highly literary text, makes its long concepts more and more clear. Dealing with the Holy Qur'an and its semantic field is something that has a long history and religious scholars and linguists have dealt with it since the beginning of the revelation until today, by creating various sciences and writing various books such as Rhetoric, Erabs, Qur'an Vocabulary.
In the beginning, Quranic studies had an interpretive approach, and it has continued until today, and the existing mystical, jurisprudential, literary, and theological interpretations confirm it. With the emergence of new linguistic theories, which include cognitive linguistics and structural analysis, a new chapter in Quranic studies began and the coherence and harmony of Quranic verses became more apparent. With the emergence of new linguistic theories, which include cognitive linguistics and structural analysis, a new chapter in Quranic studies began and the coherence and harmony of Quranic verses became more apparent. Because structural criticism is one of the critical methods of literary texts, by means of which, with the benefit of rules and principles, the relationship between audio, musical, and lexical signs, and syntactic and rhetorical points of words can be explored. Surah Nazeat is an example of chapter 30 for the news of the truth of the hereafter, and it brings the hereafter to the heart of mankind with its fear and concentration of events and its seriousness and originality in divine destiny and in the way of informing about that great truth, the style and context of the Surah plays various musical songs on the depths of being and creates various emotions around that great truth. This article tries to show as much as possible the existing order in Surah Nazeat according to the structuralist theory, at different sound, lexical, syntactic, and rhetorical levels. With this aim, the question is, in what language structure is the text of Surah Nazeat expressed and in what structure are the concepts derived from it presented? The research method is a descriptive-analytical method. At first, the structuralist theory is explained, and then the different parts of the Surah are explained according to this theory, and finally, the research results are presented. The findings indicate that the elements of the linguistic structure of Surah Nazeat are in the direction of complete coherence with regard to the subject of the Surah, that is, the truth of the Hereafter and its terrifying events. The initial short and shocking passages are consistent with the induction of fear and dread of the Day of Resurrection and the long and gentle sections at the end are in harmony with its constructive content, that is, the end of the believer and the unbeliever. The middle structure of the verses is sometimes with a short section and sometimes with a longer section, which is in complete harmony with the content of the verses. The final sections of the verses "A" and "Ha" are also completely consistent with the prevailing atmosphere of the verses and have increased the fear of the great events of the hereafter and have doubled the meanings of the verses and their impact. This harmony and order has been seen in other levels of speech, such as the phonetic, lexical, syntactic and rhetorical levels, and has doubled the effect of the verses. Using verbal and spiritual arrays, such as contrasting words and synonyms of verbs and complete and incomplete puns, and observing the rhetorical points in the Surah, such as removing the answer to oath, contrasting words, The use of negative interrogatives, interpretive sentences, nominal and actual sentences, present participle verbs, adverbs of description and present tense, the use of the letters "enna" and "ennama" have also added to the impact of the text and intensified its meaning. And all of them are in the service of the topic of the Surah, that is, the truth of the hereafter and its extensive events. In other words, the elements in this surah at different phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and rhetorical levels, in the form of a general structure and an interconnected collection, serve the truth of the hereafter and its terrifying events. And between the beginning and the end of the surah, there is also a thematic proportionality because the surah begins with the angels of taking soul and ends with the Resurrection

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Holy Quran
• lexical analysis
• syntactic analysis
• Surah Nazeat
• structuralist theory