The Qur'anic Model of the 'Differentiated Self': A Re-examination of Bowen's Differentiation in Light of Taqwa and Furqan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Kowsar University, Bojnurd, Iran

2 PhD in Qur’anic Sciences and Hadith, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh

Abstract

The concept of "Differentiation of Self" in Bowen Family Systems Theory, as the cornerstone of mental health, denotes an individual’s ability to distinguish between intellectual and emotional processes and to maintain a balance between individuality and togetherness. Considering the lack of indigenous models in family psychology, the present research was conducted with the aim of elucidating the model of the "Differentiated Human" based on the teachings of the Holy Quran. The research employed a qualitative approach using Thematic Analysis. The study corpus comprised all verses of the Holy Quran, with a focus on authentic Shi'a exegeses (Tafsir), particularly al-Mizan. Data were analyzed using three-stage coding in MAXQDA software following purposeful data collection.
Findings revealed that "Taqwa" (Piety), as a process of self-regulation, constitutes the overarching theme of Quranic differentiation, which is actualized through "Furqan" (the faculty of discernment). At the intra-personal level, this model encompasses cognitive components (self-awareness, faith-based rationality) and behavioral components (emotion regulation, patience, and trust in God [Tawakkul]). At the inter-personal level, it establishes a balance between independence and intimacy through an assertive communication pattern (based on authenticity, clarity, unconditional respect, and empathy) and boundary management (negating fusion and emotional cutoff). Ultimately, the results indicate that the Quranic model, by integrating Tawhidic (monotheistic) and Fitri (innate) dimensions with psychological components, provides a rich framework for Islamic counseling and elevates the trajectory of human growth from mental health to spiritual perfection.

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Main Subjects

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