Quran and Quranic teachings
Mohammad Kazem Shaker
Abstract
“Life satisfaction” is one of the ideals of each person and community to achieve “individual comfort” and “social peace”. Since human being is a social being, mutual satisfaction between people who interact with each other is one of the most important factors for the ...
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“Life satisfaction” is one of the ideals of each person and community to achieve “individual comfort” and “social peace”. Since human being is a social being, mutual satisfaction between people who interact with each other is one of the most important factors for the fulfillment of “life satisfaction”. When speaking of “satisfaction” as a descriptive word for two-sided relations, one side is described as “well-pleased” (Arabic: RAZI) and the other is described as “well-pleasing unto him/her” (Arabic: MARZI). Therefore, three assumptions can be considered for each mutual relation: (1) both sides are well-pleased (razi) with one another, so each side is also described as well-pleasing (marzi) unto the other side; (2) one side is well-pleased and the other side is unpleased. This assumption practically is divided into two sub-assumptions (i.e., in one assumption, A is pleased and B is unpleased, and in the other assumption B is pleased while A is unpleased), so one side is also well-pleasing unto the other and not the vice versa; (3) both sides are unpleased, so none of them is described as well-pleasing unto the other one too. It is obvious that the first assumption is the best one and the third is the worst. We must try to replace the third position with the second one and then the second position with the first one. But the question is how it is possible.
mohammadali hemati; Mohammad Kazem Shaker
Abstract
Derivatives (katb)(ک ت ب) are among the most frequent words in the Qur'an, the Old Testament and the New Testament. This root is used in most branches of Semitic languages with the least difference in structure and meaning.The semantic domain of the (katb)(ک ت ب) has developed over time and in ...
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Derivatives (katb)(ک ت ب) are among the most frequent words in the Qur'an, the Old Testament and the New Testament. This root is used in most branches of Semitic languages with the least difference in structure and meaning.The semantic domain of the (katb)(ک ت ب) has developed over time and in Arabic, in addition to preserving the original meaning, has taken on a new meaning that does not exist in any of the other branches of the Semitic language.The most important derivative of this root is the word "ketāb"(( کتاب in the common sense, which is common and widely used in Semitic languages and is a key word in sacred texts. This research with the historical-comparative-analytical method and the use of library resources first deals with genealogy and analysis of the roots of "katb"(ک ت ب) in the most important branches of the Semitic language and then examines the various functions of its derivatives in the Qur'an and the Bible and has identified the commonalities and differences. "katb"(ک ت ب) means "writing" is one of the main meanings of this root in all branches of the Semitic language, which is crystallized in the Qur'an and the Bible, and culminates in attributing writing to God with the focus on divine law in all three Abrahamic religions.Writing with Biblical evidence was developed first by engraving on stone, tablet, and wood, and then by writing in ink on scrolls and paper.
Mohammad Kazem Shaker; akaram salim
Abstract
Job (Arabic: Ayyub) the prophet and his story is very well-known for all Jews, Christians and Muslims. In Islamic culture, Job is the unmatched symbol for patience and endurance in so much as the expression "patience of Job" in Muslim literature has become a permanent combination. However, instead of ...
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Job (Arabic: Ayyub) the prophet and his story is very well-known for all Jews, Christians and Muslims. In Islamic culture, Job is the unmatched symbol for patience and endurance in so much as the expression "patience of Job" in Muslim literature has become a permanent combination. However, instead of the symbol of patience, we surprisingly find him in the Bible as a symbol for Impatience; for he complains God by his weeping and moaning. Even he accused God of injustice. Although both biblical and Qur'anic and Islamic texts indicate that he experienced a lot of suffering and misery, however, in the Islamic culture, his character is outcome of patience and enormous suffering, whereas according to the Bible, his personality is the resultant of suffering and impatience that at last it leads in the knowledge of God and submission to His will. An important issue in the story of Job, is why he should have suffered and that what is the implication of the theological aspect of suffering and how it is consistent with the justice of God. In this paper, studying the biblical and Qur’anic texts regarding Job, differences and similarities have been studied. In this paper, studying the biblical and Qur’anic texts regarding Job, differences and similarities have been studied.
Mohammad Kazem Shaker; Ensiyeh Asgari
Abstract
Comparative studies are the blessed events in the contemporary period that put humanities at the departure point for a dramatic progress. The various branches of religious studies, including the interpretation of the Quran, can be one of the manifestations of such studies. The particular religious thought ...
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Comparative studies are the blessed events in the contemporary period that put humanities at the departure point for a dramatic progress. The various branches of religious studies, including the interpretation of the Quran, can be one of the manifestations of such studies. The particular religious thought of the Quran commentators has led to the production of different exegetical products, so that the effect of the two schools of Shi’a and Sunni on the interpretation of some verses - especially theological and jurisprudential verses- is undeniable. Applying a comparative approach in interpreting these two kinds of Quranic verses, while also giving rise to the transparency of the exegetical views of the Shi’a and Sunni commentators, will increase the knowledge of the interpretation and selection of stronger views by Quran exegetes. The present paper seeks to study the beginning of the comparative approach to the interpretation and evolution of it through the study of the most important inferential interpretations of the Fourth, the Fifth and Sixth Centuries. In this essay, some of the most controversial verses among jurisprudents and theologians of Shi’a and Sunni have been selected and the viewpoints of a commentator of a cult in comparison to another cult commentator have been evaluated. The authors of this paper seek to answer the question of what the characteristics are in the comparative approach in the relevant commentaries and what each commentator has looked at, and by what criteria, criticized these views. The results of this research show that with the simultaneously development of two knowledge of theology and jurisprudence in the Middle Centuries A.H, a comparative Shiite-Sunni approach has led to inferential interpretations, and in both schools there has been evolutionary development, and subsequent commentators have compensated for the weaknesses of previous interpreters. Examples that have been examined in this study include points that highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the comparative interpretation, which could be a light for commentators, and a good departure point for interpretive knowledge.
