نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 Master's degree in Quranic Sciences, Department of Miracles, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Corresponding author): Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Quranic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Quranic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده
One of the fallacies raised by some critics, especially orientalists, is that the Prophet of Islam's behavior underwent a fundamental change from the Meccan to the Medinan period. They claim that his messages in the Meccan period were peaceful and mercy-oriented, but in the Medinan period, upon gaining power, he adopted a violent approach, and this is evident in the Meccan and Medinan surahs. To investigate this issue, a statistical study was conducted comparing the frequency of concepts related to violence and mercy in the Meccan and Medinan surahs of the Quran. The phrases related to mercy and violence were scored, and then the obtained values were normalized for analysis. The results show that the values for violence-based concepts are (0.20) in the Meccan surahs and (0.19) in the Medinan surahs. Furthermore, the concepts related to mercy are (0.24) in the Medinan surahs and (0.21) in the Meccan surahs. These findings indicate that the raised claim is not only unverifiable but that during the Medinan period, which was a time of establishing and expanding the government, a greater emphasis on mercy is observed. The content differences between the Meccan and Medinan surahs are attributed to the historical and social circumstances of each period. These results highlight the need for a re-evaluation of such interpretations and for attention to statistical methods for the analysis of religious and historical concepts.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Statistical Analysis of Compassion and Violence-related themes in Meccan and Medinan Surahs: Analysis of a dubious claim
نویسندگان [English]
- maedeh banitalebi 1
- ghasem darzi 2
- mostafa moradi 3
1 Master's degree in Quranic Sciences, Department of Miracles, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Corresponding author): Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Quranic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Quranic Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
A dubious claim made by critics, particularly Orientalists, suggests that the Prophet Muhammad's approach underwent a fundamental shift from the Meccan to the Medinan period. It is argued that while his messages during the Meccan phase were predominantly peace-oriented and centered on Compassion, the acquisition of power and authority in Medina led to the adoption of a more violent approach, and this is purportedly reflected in the Meccan and Medinan Surahs of the Qur’an. To examine this claim, a statistical study was conducted to compare the frequency of compassion and violence-related themes in Meccan and Medinan Surahs. In doing so, phrases associated with compassion and violence were scored, and the resulting values were normalized for comparative analysis. The findings indicate that the prevalence of violence-related themes is 0.20 in Meccan Surahs and 0.19 in Medinan Surahs, while compassion-related themes appear with a frequency of 0.21 in Meccan Surahs and 0.24 in Medinan Surahs. The results don’t corroborate the aforementioned claim, demonstrating that the Medinan period—characterized by the establishment and expansion of governance—displays an even greater emphasis on Compassion. Additionally, the thematic variations between Meccan and Medinan Surahs correspond to the historical and social contexts of each period. These findings underscore the necessity of revisiting such interpretations and employing statistical methodologies in the analysis of religious and historical concepts.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Statistical Analysis
- Compassion in the Qur’an
- Violence in the Qur’an
- Prophet Muhammad
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