نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Hadith Sciences and Education, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
2 PHD student, Quran and Hadith School, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
3 PHD in Quran and Hadith School, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
چکیده
The interpretation of the verse that indicates "Joining offspring to fathers in the Hereafter" is a topic that has long been the focus of commentators. This Quranic concept has also been interpreted in narrations, giving rise to problematic hadiths in this area, which are considered common hadiths between different Islamic sects. According to the theory of joining in the Quran and narrations, the children of believers will be joined to their fathers in the Hereafter, and the children of disbelievers will also be joined to their fathers, even if they do not reach their level, and this does not diminish the reward or punishment of their fathers. Interpretive narrations on this subject, insofar as they deprive a person of the motivation for righteous deeds and lead to the assumption of a judgment before evaluation, fall into the category of problematic hadith. The present study, by analyzing the chains of transmission of these narrations, their typology, attention to the origin of their issuance and writing, and analyzing the approaches of scholars from both sects, seeks to explain the semantic aspects of this category of hadiths in a descriptive-analytical manner, the result of which is access to solution-oriented approaches: "Conditional Acceptance," "Interpretive Acceptance," "Carrying on Taqīyya (dissimulation)," and "Denial Approach." Among these, the interpretive approaches of commentary on the hadith presented in this area, carrying the issue on "Conditional Joining," is the least challenging solution; that is, this joining has no connection with the decrease or increase of the fathers' deeds, but rather is a sign of family connection. The faith and deeds of fathers can be effective in the fate of children, but this effect is conditional on the children's faith eligibility. Therefore, joining is only for believers, and the children of disbelievers are calculated only based on their own deeds. As a result, the principle of individual responsibility is fully preserved, and the children of disbelievers will not be punished for the deeds of their fathers.
کلیدواژهها
- Verse 21 of Surah al-Ṭūr
- Joining Offspring to Fathers
- Faith
- Interpretive Narrations
- Problematic Hadith (Mushkil al-Ḥadīth)
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Scholarly Approaches to Analyzing Problematic Hadiths on “Joining Offspring to Their Fathers” in the Exegesis of Verse 21, Surah At-Tur
نویسندگان [English]
- Pouran Mirzaei 1
- Parisa Adineh Satri 2
- Sedigheh Maleklou 3
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Hadith Sciences and Education, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
2 PHD student, Quran and Hadith School, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
3 PHD in Quran and Hadith School, University of Quran and Hadith, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
According to the concept of *ilhāq* (joining) in the Qur'an and hadith literature, believing offspring are joined with their believing parents in the Hereafter, even if they have not reached the same level of piety or reward. Similarly, the children of disbelievers are joined with their parents. This joining does not reduce the reward or punishment of the parents. However, such interpretive hadiths are considered problematic (*mushkil al-hadith*) because they may discourage individuals from striving for personal piety and imply that outcomes are predetermined without regard to individual deeds. This study, using descriptive-analytical methods, aims to examine the different aspects and interpretations of these hadiths. It explores their sources, evaluates their reliability, classifies them, and considers the positions of scholars from both Sunni and Shia perspectives. Additionally, it analyzes alternative interpretive approaches within theological contexts, presenting solutions ranging from explanatory acceptance to outright rejection among scholars. One relatively uncontroversial interpretive solution is the concept of “conditional joining.” This interpretation suggests that the offspring’s reunion with their parents in Paradise is contingent upon their adherence to their parents' righteous path in worldly life. Thus, the joining of believing children with their parents is seen as a sign of divine grace rather than a direct transfer of reward or punishment. This concept emphasizes the completion of heavenly blessings and divine favor upon righteous families in Paradise without compromising divine justice.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- "Verse 21 of Surah Toor"
- "interpretive narratives"
- "Joining offspring to fathers"
- "faith"
- "Problem of Hadith"
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